Review of Digital Filter Design and Implementation Methods for 3-D Sound
Jyri Huopaniemi, Matti Karjalainen · 1997
In this paper, we discuss methods for digital filter design with application to 3-D sound. A review of existing filter design methods for binaural and transaural processing is presented. New methods that take into account the nonuniform frequency resolution of the human ear are explored. Listening tests have been performed to determine the subjective preference of different designs. 0 INTRODUCTION Measurements and models of head-related impulse responses (HRIR) and the corresponding frequency domain transfer functions (head-related transfer function, HRTF) of human subjects or dummy heads are the source of information for the research of spatial hearing and applications of binaural technology (see, e.g., [1] - [5] for fundamentals on these subjects). These transfer functions evaluated at discrete azimuth and elevation angles are sufficient for the synthesis of realistic three-dimensional sound events for headphone or loudspeaker listening. One of the problems in 3-D sound synthesis, h...