On the Subgroups of O Blood Groups
Tanemoto FURUHATA, Masanaka Murakami · Proceedings of the Japan Academy · 1952
Although it is already known that A blood groups can be divided into two subgroups, Al and Az , B blood groups 2~ into BI and B2, and AB blood groups into A1B1, A1B2 , A2B1 and A,B2 , it has long been believed impossible to divide 0 blood groups into subgroups.The study of dividing 0 blood groups into subgroups began with the research of M. Hibino'2~ (1935), when he noticed that there was an individual difference in the agglutinability of 0 blood corpuscles to heteroagglutinin found in the normal sera of animals.Following this research, Maekawa3~ (1944) immunized fowls with the kidney cell emulsion of guinea pigs, and prepared anti-011 serum; he then gave the name 0 to the 0 blood groups which came to be strongly agglutinated by this antibody, and the name 02 to the 0 blood groups which were hardly agglutinated at all.Tokugawa4> (1946) immunized fowls with the red blood corpuscles of the white rat,, prepared anti-011 serum, and succeeded in dividing 0 blood groups into two subgroups.Morgan and Watkins 5) (1948) immunized some animals with the blood corpuscles of cows and rabbits or human 0 blood groups, and caused this immunesera to act on a number of 0 blood groups; they gave the name "H substance" to the human 0 substance that resembled the 0 substance contained in the blood corpuscles of pigs, and called the other "the real 0 substance", thus dividing 0 blood groups into two subgroups.M. Murakamis~ (1950) tried to divide 0 blood groups into subgroups and, according to the method reported by Maekawa and Tokugawa, immunized fowls with the kidney cell emulsion of guinea pigs, and thus prepared anti-011 serum.This anti-011 serum agglutinates human blood cells in the following order, i. e., 0 blood groups, E blood cells and A.~e blood cells.01 and 04 Subgroups of 0 Blood Corpuscles,