Evolution by means of genetic programming of analog circuits that perform digital functions
Forrest H Bennett, John R. Koza, Martin A. Keane, Jessen Yu, William Mydlowec, Oscar Stiffelman · 1999
This paper demonstrates the ability of genetic programming to evolve analog circuits that perform digital functions and mixed analog-digital circuits. The evolved circuits include two purely digital circuits (a 100 nano-second NAND circuit and a two-instruction arithmetic logic unit circuit) and one mixed-signal circuit, namely a three-input digital-to-analog converter. 1.