Data Categories for a Normalized Reference Annotation Scheme.
Susanne Salmon-Alt, Laurent Romary · 2003
This paper compiles a core set of data categories to be used in combination with the Reference Annotation Framework. It shows also that the underlying objective − ensuring internal and external coherence − is a difficult issue, since reference annotation articulates various levels of linguistic description which all contribute to the identification or qualification of markables and referential links. 1. Current practice of reference annotation Reference annotation associates referring expressions – usually certain types of noun phrases – with information that enables their interpretation (e.g. antecedents). This type of knowledge is required for a variety of language processing applications, including information extraction and retrieval, machine translation and human-machine dialogue. Reference annotation in a broad sense, covering coreference, anaphora and reference, has already been the subject of substantial practical and theoretical work which suggest basic principles for coherent coding procedures and attempts to unify existing practices (Hirschman &