Adjustable Autonomy without levels
Stéphane Mercier, Frédéric Dehais, Catherine Tessier · 2009
In the context of supervisory control of one or several artificial agents by a human operator, the definition of the autonomy of an agent remains a major challenge. In the case of unmanned vehicles, errors are not allowed while performance must be as high as possible. Therefore a trade-off must be found between manual control, usually ensuring good confidence in the system but putting a high workload on the operator, and full autonomy of the vehicles, often leading to less reliability in uncertain environments and lower performance. Having an operator in the decision loop does not always grant maximal performance and safety anyway, as human beings are fallible. Additionally when an agent and a human decide and act simultaneously using the same resources, conflicts are likely to occur and coordination between these heterogeneous entities is mandatory. This paper focuses on a resource-based approach that aims at dynamically adjusting the autonomy of an agent in a mission relatively to its operator, based on a formal model of mission ingredients