On Quantum Cryptography and Secure Data Communication
Santanu Ganguly · 2007
This work contrasts quantum information theory [1] and cryptography with the disciplines of steganog-raphy, traffic security and classical cryptosystems as applied towards discreet communication. In quantum computing, the laws of physics protect the information using the properties of quantum mechanics. Open-air quantum key distribution with single photon source (SPS) has been demonstrated in experimental conditions [2, 3, 4]. In the area of Quantum Cryptography, in particular, it has been shown that there are intrinsic properties in Quantum Mechanics that will enable a Quantum Computer to produce results not possible with a classical computer [5, 6, 7]. In this paper we investigate the concept of development of Internet technologies based on the quantum principles [8] of cryptography, secret sharing and teleportation. In particular, this paper is intended as an introduction to the possibility of quantum optics giving birth to a new generation of communication protocols over internet. It also addresses the complications arising from the atomic level structure of a quantum computing system such as: decoherence, entanglement, quantum teleportation [9], unitary transformations, and reversible universal gate structures. In the end, an analysis of a quantum full adder constructed from these gates is presented along with suggestions for the creation of other elementary